Received: DecemAccepted: JPublished: July 24, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Tsai et al. PLoS ONE 12(7):Įditor: Andrea Motta, National Research Council of Italy, ITALY These results indicate that T1DM patients should avoid the AFB1 intake, as they could lead to increased blood glucose levels and disorders of energy-producing mechanisms.Ĭitation: Tsai F-J, Chen S-Y, Liu Y-C, Liao H-Y, Chen C-J (2017) The comparison of CHCA solvent compositions for improving LC-MALDI performance and its application to study the impact of aflatoxin B1 on the liver proteome of diabetes mellitus type 1 mice. In addition, major urinary protein 1 (MUP1), an indicator of increased insulin sensitivity, was significantly decreased in the T1DM/AFB1 group and may have resulted in higher blood glucose levels compared to the T1DM group. Our results showed that gluconeogenesis, lipid, and oxidative phosphorylation mechanisms, normally elevated in T1DM, were disordered following AFB1 treatment. To evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to AFB1 on type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM), the livers of T1DM control mice and mice treated with AFB1 were analyzed using isotope-coded protein labeling (ICPL)-based quantitative proteomics. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus is a carcinogen and a known causative agent of liver cancer. Then, nanoLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF was applied to study the impact of aflatoxin B1 on the liver proteome from diabetes mellitus type 1 mice. The solvent composition of isopropanol (IPA): acetonitrile (ACN):acetone:0.1% Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (2:7:7:2) provided strong and homogeneous signals with higher peptide ion yields than the other solvent compositions. In this study, to achieve a better nanoLC-MALDI performance on sample spotting, we first compared α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) solvent composition for efficiently concentrating nanoLC elutes on an anchor chip. It is recommended to apply a sheath liquid containing a matrix with a several μL/min flow rate at the end of the nanoLC column to ensure a larger co-eluted droplet for more reproducible sample spotting and avoid the laborious task of post-manual matrix spotting. In nanoflow liquid chromatography-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight (nanoLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF) approaches, it is critical to directly apply small amounts of the sample elutes on the sample target using a nanoLC system due to its low flow rate of 200 ~ 300 nl/min.
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